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Vulval Anatomy

It is important for a woman to be familiar with the anatomy of the vulva, to help identify any problems that may arise relating to that area. It is surprising how few people are actually familiar with the vulval anatomy, and who can successfully identify the different elements that compose it.

Found at the top of the vulva is the clitoral glans and the clitoral hood. These elements are involved primarily in sexual stimulation. The clitoris actually extends a lot further than most people would think. The small part of it that is visible is called the clitoral glans, but the majority of the clitoris is hidden from sight. It forms an upside-down ‘V’ shape inside the body, reaching down to just below the vaginal entrance. The entire clitoris actually functions similarly to a penis.

When a woman is sexually aroused, the entire clitoris fills with blood and becomes harder and erect. Most of this activity is not visible, as it occurs inside the body. The head of the clitoris may become noticeably engorged. The head itself is extremely sensitive, containing more nerve endings that the head of the penis. Stimulation of the clitoral glans creates sexual excitement. The clitoral hood exists to protect the clitoral glans. The head is so sensitive that it can easily become uncomfortable if touched a lot. The clitoral hood shields it from rubbing against clothes for example.

The ‘lips’ of the vulva are called the labia, and there are two sets of them. The outer labia are called the labia majora. They run from above the clitoris to the perineum, and protect the vaginal opening. They have layers of fat, giving them a thick appearance. The inner labia are called the labia minora. They run from just below the clitoral glans to the bottom of the labia majora. They cover the vaginal opening, protecting it.

Finally, the vaginal opening is an integral part of the vulval anatomy. It is the entrance to the vagina, and is protected by the labia minora and the labia majora. This entrance is where blood passes during menstruation, where a baby passes during childbirth and where the penis is entered during intercourse. Many women use a vaginal douche to clean inside the vagina, but this is often frowned upon as the vagina effectively cleans itself. In many cases, douching can serve to remove helpful bacteria that fight vaginal infections.